美國能源部將韓國列入“敏感國家及其他指定國家名單”的措施已于本月15日零時正式生效。

The US Department of Energy's (DOE) internal policy designating South Korea as a "sensitive country" officially took effect on April 15.

美國能源部大樓 圖源：IC photo

據(jù)路透社報道，美國因核問題擔(dān)憂將韓國列為“敏感國家”。美國能源部的一位發(fā)言人在3月14日表示，已經(jīng)將其盟友韓國列為“敏感國家”。這一決定是在韓國總統(tǒng)曾短暫實施戒嚴、以及外界討論首爾可能發(fā)展核武器的背景下作出的。

美國能源部在回應(yīng)路透社的書面答復(fù)中表示，時任總統(tǒng)喬·拜登的政府在今年1月、拜登卸任前不久，就已將韓國列入“敏感及其他指定國家名單”的最低等級。

The DOE has designated ally South Korea a "sensitive" country after the South Korean president briefly imposed martial law and amid talk of Seoul potentially developing nuclear weapons. The administration of then-President Joe Biden put South Korea on the lowest tier of the Sensitive and Other Designated Countries List in January shortly before Biden left office, the DOE said in a written response to Reuters queries.

據(jù)《東亞日報》和韓聯(lián)社報道，外界擔(dān)憂此舉將對韓美在尖端技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的合作、貿(mào)易談判，以及需依賴美國支持的原子能協(xié)定修訂等造成不利影響。部分韓國政界人士甚至批評此事件為“外交慘劇”。

盡管韓國外交部、產(chǎn)業(yè)通商資源部及科學(xué)技術(shù)信息通信部曾共同推進與美方的協(xié)商，但始終未能促使美方解除“敏感國家”認定。對此，韓國外交部第一次官金烘均近日在國會中表示，當前雙方正在進行實務(wù)協(xié)商，但短期內(nèi)難以實現(xiàn)解除目標。

輿論普遍認為，若要成功撤銷韓國的“敏感國家”地位，至少需耗時六個月，甚至可能長達數(shù)年。有觀點指出，美國總統(tǒng)特朗普或?qū)⒁允欠窠獬撓拗谱鳛閷n貿(mào)易談判的談判籌碼。

Prospects for the US lifting the designation in the near term, such as by the end of this month or early next month, appear slim. In diplomatic circles, there are concerns that US President Donald Trump could use the issue as a bargaining chip in future trade negotiations involving reciprocal tariffs.

從實際影響來看，據(jù)韓國“news1”新聞網(wǎng)報道，今后韓國的研究機構(gòu)或政府機關(guān)若與美國能源部合作，將需履行過去無需的額外程序。例如，“敏感國家”人員若計劃訪問美國能源部下屬研究機構(gòu)，須提前至少45天提出申請，并接受背景審查、執(zhí)行特別安全計劃等多項嚴格流程。韓聯(lián)社引述韓國相關(guān)官員稱：“確實會帶來不便。”

According to the DOE, researchers from designated sensitive countries are required to undergo stricter background checks before accessing US national security laboratories. Such researchers should submit relevant documents and obtain separate approval at least 45 days before visiting certain DOE-affiliated facilities. Additional security protocols will also apply when DOE employees or researchers communicate or collaborate with individuals from sensitive countries.

據(jù)悉，美國于今年1月將韓國列入“敏感國家”名單，而韓國政府直到3月才正式確認消息。對此，共同民主黨議員金炳柱表達了對局勢長期化的擔(dān)憂，稱“這是超大型的外交慘劇。1981年我們被指定為‘敏感國家’，之后花了13年才解除”。

Given the precedent of Korea being designated as a sensitive country in the early 1980s — and only removed from the list a decade later in 1994 — it is believed that the current designation may also take significant time to reverse. During a National Assembly interpellation session, Monday, Rep. Kim Byung-joo of the liberal Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) called this designation a "serious diplomatic blunder" and criticized the foreign ministry for its delayed response.

據(jù)Fnnews新聞網(wǎng)分析，該問題可能由韓國6月提前大選后組成的新政府接手處理。預(yù)計新政府將進一步強化“無核化”立場，以爭取解除“敏感國家”指定。

來源：環(huán)球時報 路透社 東亞日報 韓國時報

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