美國總統(tǒng)特朗普4月2日簽署所謂“對等關(guān)稅”的行政令,宣布美國對貿(mào)易伙伴設(shè)立10%的“最低基準關(guān)稅”,并對一些貿(mào)易伙伴征收更高關(guān)稅()。
特朗普聲稱,美國將計算對美國構(gòu)成了極大威脅的國家的所有關(guān)稅、非關(guān)稅壁壘和其他形式的綜合稅率。
然而美國著名財經(jīng)記者詹姆斯·蘇羅維奇(James Surowiecki)迅速在其社交媒體上表示,剛弄清楚美國政府所展示的這些虛假關(guān)稅稅率是從哪里來的(Just figured out where these fake tariff rates come from),簡直是一派胡言(What extraordinary nonsense this is)!
詹姆斯·蘇羅維奇(James Surowiecki)推文截圖
他在推文中稱:“他們實際上并沒有像他們所說的那樣計算。相反,對每個國家來說,他們只是把美國對該國的貿(mào)易赤字除以這個國家對美國的出口額。以印尼為例,美國與印尼的貿(mào)易逆差為179億美元。印尼對美國的出口額為280億美元,17.9/28=64%,這就是特朗普聲稱印尼對美國征收的關(guān)稅稅率。”
They didn't actually calculate tariff rates + non-tariff barriers, as they say they did. Instead, for every country, they just took our trade deficit with that country and divided it by the country's exports to us. So we have a $17.9 billion trade deficit with Indonesia. Its exports to us are $28 billion. $17.9/$28 = 64%, which Trump claims is the tariff rate Indonesia charges us. What extraordinary nonsense this is.
此外,《金融時報》也發(fā)文揭批相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)計算之荒謬。文中指出,美國人被告知互惠關(guān)稅會很簡單,然而完整的關(guān)稅清單公布后,事情卻……并不簡單。這些稅率據(jù)稱基于美國貿(mào)易代表對“針對美國產(chǎn)品征收的關(guān)稅”的計算,但它們并非源自任何實際征收的公開稅率。
Americans were told reciprocal tariffs would be simple. “Reciprocal, that means they do it to us, and we do it to them,” said President Donald Trump on Wednesday. “Very simple, can’t get any simpler than that.” Then the full list of countries’ tariffs came out, and it was... not simple. At least not in the “easily understood” meaning of the word. The rates were supposedly based on the US Trade Representative’s calculations of “tariffs imposed against US products”. But they didn’t come from any obvious rates that were actually imposed, as Paul Krugman pointed out.
針對美國關(guān)稅舉措,多位歐洲政要2日表示,貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)對任何人都沒有好處,美國也將受到?jīng)_擊。多方表示反對,多個貿(mào)易伙伴已表示將采取反制措施予以回應(yīng)。
據(jù)美國全國廣播公司新聞(NBC News)最新報道,特朗普關(guān)稅計劃一出,全球市場反應(yīng)迅速且劇烈,投資者紛紛逃離美國股市,依賴全球供應(yīng)鏈的公司股價下跌。截至美東時間下午6時35分,道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)、標普500指數(shù)和納斯達克綜合指數(shù)期貨合約價格分別下跌2.43%、3.6%和4.35%。這些指數(shù)剛剛經(jīng)歷了多年來最糟糕的一個季度,在很大程度上是由于對美國政府預期關(guān)稅計劃給經(jīng)濟帶來影響的擔憂。
韋德布什證券公司(Wedbush Securities)分析師丹·艾夫斯(Dan Ives)當?shù)貢r間2日在一份報告中寫道:“特朗普總統(tǒng)剛剛在白宮發(fā)表了他的關(guān)稅演講,我們認為這一系列關(guān)稅措施比華爾街最壞的預期還要糟糕。”這還可能會讓深度融入全球經(jīng)濟的大型美國公司舉步維艱。
"President Trump just finished his tariff speech at the White House and we would characterize this slate of tariffs as 'worse than the worst case scenario' the Street was fearing," Dan Ives, an analyst at the investment firm Wedbush Securities, wrote in a note sent Wednesday.
當被問及是否對市場走勢感到擔憂時,美國財政部長斯科特·貝森特(Scott Bessent)對媒體表示,他“已經(jīng)學會不去關(guān)注盤后市場的波動”。
Asked whether he was concerned by the market moves, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told Bloomberg Television that he has "learned not to look at what goes on during after-hours markets".
據(jù)美國媒體2日報道,美國近日的一項民意調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,多數(shù)美國人認為美國總統(tǒng)特朗普的關(guān)稅政策將損害美國經(jīng)濟。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,58%的美國人認為,特朗普的加征關(guān)稅政策會損害美國經(jīng)濟,會導致美國通脹水平上升。
《今日美國》網(wǎng)站(USA Today)報道同樣顯示,許多經(jīng)濟學家擔心,大規(guī)模的對等關(guān)稅——預計這將引發(fā)美國貿(mào)易伙伴的反制措施——可能會進一步損害本已疲弱的經(jīng)濟,導致股市暴跌,并使消費者面臨更高的價格。
編譯:馬芮
編輯:陳丹妮 齊磊
來源:中國日報網(wǎng) 金融時報 美國全國廣播公司新聞 今日美國
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